Sécurité des outils, des machines et des procédés

Maintenance sûre des outils portables dans la construction

Maryse Gagnon — Fri, 04 May 2012 13:13:00 GMT

E-fact 54
La maintenance peut être définie comme le fait de travailler sur une chose pour la conserver dans un état fonctionnel et sûr et la préserver de tout dysfonctionnement ou déclin. Cette «chose» peut être un lieu de travail, un équipement de travail ou un moyen de transport (p. ex. un bateau).
La maintenance ne relève pas de la responsabilité exclusive des installateurs et des mécaniciens. Elle concerne pratiquement tous les travailleurs et pratiquement tous les environnements de travail. La santé et la sécurité des travailleurs peuvent être affectées durant le processus de maintenance,
mais également par l'absence de maintenance ou par une maintenance inadéquate. La conception de l'équipement et l'espace de travail ont également un impact significatif sur la santé et la sécurité des travailleurs responsables de la maintenance.

Source : http://osha.europa.eu/fr/publications/e-facts/efact54

Robotic testing of radio frequency devices designed for industrial safety

Denis Turcot — Fri, 27 Apr 2012 14:04:00 GMT

An experimental setup is proposed to test the performance of safety devices based on radio frequency technology. The setup specifically tests devices designed for improving safety in dangerous areas of small size, such as those surrounding power press brakes. Tested here is a radio frequency identification (RFID) prototype, whose main objective is to prevent accidents by sending a stop signal to a machine when a worker's wrist, bearing an RFID tag, gets too close to the dangerous area.

source:Safety Science, volume 50, issue 7

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925753512000823

A visual warning system to reduce struck-by or pinning accidents involving mobile mining equipment

Maryse Gagnon — Fri, 20 Apr 2012 18:56:00 GMT

This paper describes an experiment to examine whether a visual warning system can improve detection of moving machine hazards that could result in struck-by or pinning accidents. Thirty-six participants, twelve each in one of three age groups, participated in the study. A visual warning system capable of providing four different modes of warning was installed on a continuous mining machine that is used to mine coal. The speed of detecting various machine movements was recorded with and without the visual warning system. The average speed of detection for forward and reverse machine movements was reduced by 75% when using the flashing mode of the visual warning system. This translated to 0.485 m of machine travel for the fast speed condition of 19.8 m/min, which is significant in the context of the confined spaces of a mine. There were no statistically significant differences among age groups in the ability to detect machine movements for the visual warning modes in this study. The visual warning system shows promise as a safety intervention for reducing struck-by or pinning accidents involving continuous mining machines. The methods and results of this study could be applied to other moving machinery used in mining or other industries where moving machinery poses struck-by or pinning hazards.

Source : Sammarco J, Gallagher S, Mayton A, Srednicki J. Appl. Ergon. 2012.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2012.03.006

Z462-12 - Workplace electrical safety

Maryse Gagnon — Mon, 16 Apr 2012 11:35:00 GMT

This edition will both technically update the Standard and adds a considerable amount of resource material : especially for organizations seeking to make electrical safety an integral part of their safety management system. Following are a few of the key changes to this high-value, nationally-recognized safety standard.

Source : http://shop.csa.ca/fr/canada/c221-canadian-electrical-code/z462-12/invt/27029372012/?utm_source=ohs-newsapr12&utm_medium=newsletter&utm_term=z462-12&utm_content=html-txt-link&utm_campaign=health&utm_language=fr

The internet of things (IOT) and cloud computing (CC) based tailings dam monitoring and pre-alarm system in mines

Maryse Gagnon — Mon, 09 Apr 2012 15:11:00 GMT

Tailings disposal is a significant consideration for the mining industry, with the majority of the ore processed in most mining operations ending up as tailings. Several tailings dam failure accidents have occurred during the past few years and mine tailings dam failures, which are disastrous with the serious damage and the loss of lives, are occurring at relatively high rates. To improve the tailings dam safety, a tailings dam monitoring and pre-alarm system (TDMPAS) based on the internet of things (IOT) and cloud computing (CC) is accomplished with the abilities of real-time monitoring of the saturated line, impounded water level and the dam deformation. TDMPAS has helped the mine engineers monitor the dam safety 24/7 and acquire pre-alarm information automatically and remotely in any kind of weather conditions. TDMPAS has been applied in several mines and has demonstrated the feasibility of monitoring the tailings dam physical condition.

Source : Sun E, Zhang X, Li Z. Safety Sci. 2012; 50(4): 811-815.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2011.08.028

Safety performance indicators in the explosives sector

Maryse Gagnon — Wed, 04 Apr 2012 11:43:00 GMT

Development of a worked example
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) were originally approached by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) to assist with the implementation of Safety Performance Indicators (SPIs) within the Explosives industry.
This work builds on the examples and indicators identified in previous work (Ferguson and Nash, 2008), and aimed to encapsulate the types of activities common to a large number of organisations. Previous work to generate Safety Performance Indicators (SPIs) had resulted in little consistency or commonality across the industry group in terms of the leading and lagging indicators developed. It was therefore considered that to engage the sector, a 'case study' or worked example should be developed.

Source : http://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrhtm/rr909.htm

Opérations sur les ouvrages et installations électriques et dans un environnement électrique

Maryse Gagnon — Fri, 30 Mar 2012 12:00:00 GMT

Prévention du risque électrique
Domaine d'application du présent documentLes prescriptions du présent document sont établies en vue d'assurer la sécurité des personnes contre les dangers d'origine électrique lorsqu'elles effectuent des OPERATIONS d'ORDRE ELECTRIQUE ou d'ORDRE NON ELECTRIQUE, sur des OUVRAGES ou des INSTALLATIONS de toute tension inférieure ou égale à 500 kV en courant alternatif ou en courant continu, et ce, quelle que soit la nature des activités (construction, réalisation, EXPLOITATION, démantèlement, etc. en présence du risque électrique).Les prescriptions du présent document s'appliquent à toute OPERATION d'ORDRE ELECTRIQUE ou d'ORDRE NON ELECTRIQUE sur ou dans l'ENVIRONNEMENT des OUVRAGES ou des INSTALLATIONS, dès que ces derniers sont en situation d'être alimentés ou, au plus tard, dès leur première mise sous tension totale ou partielle, même pour ESSAI.

Source : http://www.boutique.afnor.org/NEL5DetailNormeEnLigne.aspx?&nivCtx=NELZNELZ1A10A101A107&ts=727565&CLE_ART=FA173528

An adaptive online safety assessment method for mechanical system with pre-warning function

Maryse Gagnon — Tue, 13 Mar 2012 12:15:00 GMT

The safety status of a dynamic mechanical system is determined by its historical, current and future states together. Therefore the safety assessment process of such system should have dynamic and diachronic characteristics, which helps to track the dynamic states of system and predict future probable danger in advance. In order to overcome the disadvantages of traditional static safety assessment approaches, the results from which are often delayed and prone to produce false alarms, an adaptive online safety assessment method is proposed in this paper, which consists of two steps. A dynamic adaptive weighting method is first introduced and an aggregation scheme based on “3-D” time perspective is further presented to integrate system's historical, current and future safety performance in a unit framework, considering both of assessment and pre-warning functions. The proposed method is able to track and predict the safety status of system dynamically and discover the potential fault in time. Its feasibility and benefits are investigated with a field case study of gas turbine compressor system, which validates that the proposed method improves the accuracy of safety assessment in dynamic conditions, and finally helps to restrain the fault symptom by proactive maintenance successfully.

Source : Jinqiu Hu, , Laibin Zhang, Wei Liang. An adaptive online safety assessment method for mechanical system with pre-warning function. Safety Science. Volume 50, Issue 3, March 2012, Pages 385–399.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2011.09.018

Code of Practice on Safety and Health in the Use of Machinery

Maryse Gagnon — Fri, 09 Mar 2012 12:42:00 GMT

This code of practice is intended to provide guidance on safety and health in the use of machinery at the workplace. A Meeting of Experts on Safety in the Use of Machinery was convened in Geneva from 29 November to 7 December 2011 and adopted a code of practice on safety and health in the use of machinery.

Source : http://www.ilo.org/safework/normative/codes/WCMS_164653/lang--fr/index.htm

Risk factors for occupational hand injuries

Maryse Gagnon — Tue, 06 Mar 2012 18:35:00 GMT

Relationship between agency and finger
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to define the risk factors for occupational hand injuries and explore the relationship between the machines and the fingers injured, based on the records of a hospital in Turkey specialized in hand and microsurgery. METHODS: Five thousand twenty seven occupational hand injuries treated at a hand and microsurgery hospital between 1992 and 2005 were included in the study. All the injuries were retrospectively recoded according to ICD-10, (ICECI) and ILO recommendations. Logistic regression and chi-square for trend analysis were used to evaluate the risk factors for occupational injuries. RESULTS: The most frequent injuries were traumatic amputation of wrist and hand (53.2%), open wound of wrist and hand (46.3%). Considering all injuries, 60.9% of agricultural machines, 52.7% of metal working machines, 54.7% of transmission machinery, and 42.8% of wood and assimilated machines affected the right hand. Powered wood cutters, presses, planning and milling machines, and machine belts were the most frequent five machines involved in injuries, each having a different finger pattern. The proportion of machinery among all hand injuries was significantly decreasing with time. CONCLUSION: A stricter and more frequent supervision of the use of protective equipment and prohibition of the purchase of machinery not complying with the regulations could contribute to the prevention of hand injuries.

Source : Davasaksan A, Durusoy R, Bal E, Kayalar M, Ada S, Tanik FA. Risk factors for occupational hand injuries: Relationship between agency and finger. Am. J. Ind. Med. 2012.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.22016

A case-crossover study of work-related acute traumatic hand injuries in the People’s Republic of China

Maryse Gagnon — Fri, 02 Mar 2012 19:20:00 GMT

Objective: The aim of this study was to quantify potential transient risk factors for occupational acute hand injury among hospitalized workers in the People's Republic of China (PRC).
Methods: Participants were recruited from 11 medical facilities in 3 cities of the PRC. A face-to-face interview was used to collect information on the occurrence of 8 potential risk factors within a 90-minute time period before an acute traumatic hand injury and during a control period within the month before the injury. The reliability of reporting transient risk factors was assessed, and a case-crossover design was used to estimate the injury incidence risk ratio (IRR) of each risk factor.
Results: In total,703 hospitalized workers completed the interview (527 male, 176 female), with a mean age of 31.8 [standard deviation (SD) 10.3] years. The median time interval between injury and interview was four days. Thirty percent of participants had a crush injury and 25.7% had an amputation. Using malfunctioning machinery/tools/material, performing a task with a different method, working overtime, and wearing gloves were found to have good reliability in test-retest examination [intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC)>0.9]. The IRR of a hand injury were markedly increased while using malfunctioning machinery/tools/material [110.4, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 97.4–125.2], performing a task with a different method than usual (84.3, 95% CI 67.7–105.1), or being distracted (69.6, 95% CI 57.9–83.7). Gender and size of company were associated with differences in glove usage.
Conclusions: The results suggest the importance of transient, potentially modifiable factors in the etiology of occupational acute hand injury in the PRC. Regular maintenance of machinery/tools, work practice controls, and avoiding distractions should be priorities for reducing the risk of occupational acute hand injuries.

Source : Jin K, Lombardi DA, Courtney TK, Sorock GS, Li M, Pan R, Wang X, Lin J, Liang Y, Perry MJ. A case-crossover study of work-related acute traumatic hand injuries in the People's Republic of China. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2012;38(2):163-170.
http://www.sjweh.fi/show_abstract.php?abstract_id=3262

Collision and injury criteria when working with collaborative robots

Maryse Gagnon — Mon, 13 Feb 2012 18:53:00 GMT

There is a need for adequate protection of people from the health and safety risks associated with collaborative robot systems. Standard ISO 10218 (Parts 1 and 2) and a draft Technical Specification TS 15066 'Collaborative robots' have been developed to deal specifically with this situation. This study explored the safety, reliability and evidence for the force limits defined by the draft TS 15066, and of the methods for testing them. It also addressed whether the proposed approach in the draft TS 15066 is likely to adequately protect people from the risks. Risk assessment of potential collision scenarios, human reliability and behaviour issues, and equipment failure modes and rates are discussed, as is the adequacy of personal protective equipment against collision injuries. Collaborative robots is an subject area that is still growing.

Source : http://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrhtm/rr906.htm#?

IPAF launches MEWP/AWP incident database

Ginette Vadnais — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:00:00 GMT

The International Powered Access Federation (IPAF) has begun a systematic project to collect worldwide data on accidents/incidents involving mobile elevating work platforms (MEWPs), also known as aerial work platforms (AWPs), with the aim of improving the safe use of equipment. Manufacturers, rental companies, contractors and users are encouraged to report any known MEWP accidents or incidents using the standard form that is available at www.ipaf.org/accident. In the initial phase, IPAF is calling for reports of any known serious accidents and fatalities involving MEWPs in the UK, and any known fatalities involving MEWPs worldwide.

The construction industry has one of the highest rates of fatal injuries to workers. In the UK for example, it accounted for 50 of a total of 171 fatal injuries in 2010/2011, according to HSE statistics. Of the reported major non-fatal injuries, the most common involved slipping or tripping (40%) and falls from height (16%). Less is known about the nature of the accidents involving falls from height and the type of equipment involved, which is one aspect that the IPAF initiative seeks to address.

Source : www.ipaf.org/accident

Impact resistance of guards on grinding machines

Ginette Vadnais — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 15:10:00 GMT

Guards on machine tools are meant to protect persons from injuries caused by parts ejected with high kinetic energy from the machine's working zone. With respect to stationary grinding machines, Standard No. EN 13218:2002, therefore, specifies minimum wall thicknesses for guards. These values are mainly based on estimations and experience instead of systematic experimental investigations. This paper shows to what extent simple impact tests with standardizable projectiles can be used as basis for the evaluation of the impact resistance of guards, provided that not only the kinetic energy of the projectiles used but also, among others, their geometry corresponds to the abrasive product fragments to be expected.

Source : Mewes D, Mewes O, Herbst P. Impact resistance of guards on grinding machines. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics 2011, 17(4), 411-421.

Ponts roulants : manuel de sécurité

Ginette Vadnais — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 13:00:00 GMT

Longtemps restée dans le domaine de l'empirisme, l'utilisation des engins fait aujourd'hui l'objet de règles nombreuses touchant à la fois au choix, aux vérifications et à la maintenance du matériel, à la formation du personnel, ainsi qu'à la conduite proprement dite.
C'est pourquoi ce manuel comprend deux parties : l'une consacrée aux aspects purement réglementaires, l'autre plus spécifiquement dédiée aux règles de bonnes pratiques en matière de conduite d'engins.
Un large public pourra ainsi trouver dans ce manuel les références qui lui seront nécessaires : chefs d'établissements, chargés de sécurité, formateurs, et bien sûr les conducteurs eux-mêmes.
Ce document annule et remplace la brochure ED 716 "Ponts roulants. Manuel de sécurité à l'usage de la maîtrise, des pontiers et du personnel d'entretien", datant de 1997.

Source :
http://www.inrs.fr/accueil/produits/mediatheque/doc/publications.html?refINRS=ED%206105